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Math 461 Syllabus

 

Prob/Stat&Mathematica 
Draft
Authors:  Bruce Carpenter, Bill Davis and Jerry Uhl  ©1999
Producer:  Bruce Carpenter
Publish er:  [Graphics:Images/361syl_gr_1.gif]       Distributor:  [Graphics:Images/361syl_gr_2.gif]

Syllabus

Prob.01 Monte Carlo simulations

Estimating probabilities and measurements by Monte Carlo simulation

Prob.02 Data Analysis

Frequency, cumulative distribution functions and histograms for data sets  of numbers.
Expected value and variance for data sets and functions of data sets .

Prob.03 Probabilities

Probabilities of unions and intesections of data sets. Conditional probability and independence.
Series wiring versus parallel wiring.  Drug testing. Birth day problem.    Probability of winning at craps. Gambler's ruin.

Prob.04 More data analysis

Markov's inequality, Chebyshev's inequalities  and standard deviation.  Law of large numbers. Random Walks, Outliers

Prob.05 Normal and Exponential

Normal distribution and the bell curve.  Exponential distribution and the   exponential curve.Recognizing data sets that are approoximately nor mally or exponentially distributed. The memoryless property of the exponential distribution. Monte Carlo generation of normally or exponentially distributed   data sets.  Experiments with sample averages and the normal distribution

Prob.06 Random variables

Continuous versus discrete random variables. Approximation of continuous random variables by   discrete random variables. Probability density functions a nd cumulative distribution functions. Brand name continuous distributions: Uniform, normal,exponential, Weibull, chi-square,gamma and beta. Sample uses of each. Monte C arlo generation of data sets following a specified distribution.

Prob.07 Joint distributions

Joint distributions: Discrete and Continuous. Independence, Conditional probability and conditional expectations. Corellation.

Prob.08 Generating functions and the Central Limit Theorem

Central limit theorem. Generatng functions. Special attention to sums of independent normal and exponential randon variables.

Prob.09 Counting

Permutations, combinations,  Bernoulli,Binomial and Poisson distributions. Approximations by normal distributions

Prob.10 Statistics

Sampling for the mean and variance. Acceptance testing.

 

Comments from Students

You may be wondering just who I am, so please allow me to tell you a little about myself. I am currently a graduate student in organic chemistry at Caltech. I received my BS in chemistry from the U of I in 1994 andI took all of my Calculus classes with C&M. When I came out of the C&M courses, I was worried that advanced math and chemistry would be very difficult because of the way that I had taken my previous classes. And to be honest, some of the other classes may "seem" a little more difficult, but the reason is probably not what you might think. C&M stresses the concepts of the mathematics more than the actual mechanics of calculation. What this means is that when you walk away from C&M and head out into more advanced classes you have an understanding of the meaning behind the math, you know what the integrals mean, not just how to calculate them by hand. This is extremely important to a chemist, because most of the types of problems that we try to calculate are not amenable to doing by hand. In a typical quantum chemistry course, you learn how to calculate the exact solution to the Schrodinger equation by hand. (The Schrodinger equation is used to calculate, among other things, the electron distributions of molecules and give the pretty pictures of orbitals that you see in your general chemistry textbook). The funny thing is that for the most part you can only solve the equation exactly for all but the simplest of molecules (such as H2). Anything more complicated (i.e. most of chemistry) cannot be solved exactly. How do we get around this? We use numerical approximations and we solve the many easy to set up,but complicated to calculate, equations using computers.

— A Cal Tech graduate student in Physical Chemistry on the Calculus & Mathematica

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